Copy of 71 factsheet 1

On 6 February 2024, the European Commission announced the withdrawal of the proposal for the EU Pesticide Reduction (Sustainable Use Regulation) (SUR), which had a central goal to halve the use and risk of pesticides in the EU by 2030. At the same time, the European Parliament just adopted, by a small margin, a proposal on the deregulation of new genomic techniques. Earlier in the year, it also became clear that the proposal for the Sustainable Food system law has been withdrawn from the European Commission work programme for 2024, thus effectively also shutting the initiative down for now. Effectively, this means that what is currently left on the negotiating table are technological solutions, i.e. new genomic techniques. 

With this statement, the Sprint project consortium would like to emphasize the continued and urgent need to reduce the use of and risk from synthetic pesticides, based on our findings:

  • A wide range of pesticides was detected in air, soil, water and also in homes near agricultural fields in different crop types in ten EU countries;
  • Analysis of blood, urine and faeces from 10 EU countries showed that pesticide residues are taken up via dietary and non-dietary exposure routes;
  • There is a concern regarding the potential impact of co-occurrence of pesticides in human and environmental matrices.

The 14th of februari SPRINT - NL will organize a symposium for their Dutch stakeholders. The central theme is the "transition of agriculture," where we focus on plant protection products and possibilities to reduce their use. In the morning there will be scientific presentations around this subject and in the afternoon a more targeted workshop will take place with key stakeholders.

More information can be found here (in Dutch) 

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When considering the presence of pesticides in our environment, you might think about the outside world: soil, groundwater, sediment and crops are all contaminated with pesticide residues. But pesticides are also present in the indoor environment and accumulate in house dust. Researchers from CIEMAT have analyzed 128 dust samples from farmer households and 40 samples from non-farmer households. Results were remarkable: Even samples from non-farmer households contain 57 different pesticides (median). Many of these compounds have been banned from agricultural application in Europe, but can persist in house dust for extensive periods of time. Not a single sample was free from pesticide residues.

Almost half of the pesticides measured are recognized as highly hazardous, and their presence in indoor dust may be of risk to human health. Potential effects of exposure to these pesticides include reproductive effects and hormone disturbances, irritation of the skin, eyes and respiratory tract, and cancer. Exposure to pesticides can also impact the gut microbiome. People and pets may be exposed to low concentrations of pesticide residues via inhalation of house dust, but also through accidental ingestion. It is estimated that the ingestion of indoor dust is approximately 30 mg/day for adults and 60 mg/day for children. For some compounds, ingestion of dust might be the main route of exposure.

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The scope of contamination

The farmers participating in this study were from 11 different case study sites in SPRINT, located throughout Europe and in Argentina, and the non-farmer participants were neighbours of farmers and ‘consumers’ living further away from farmland in France and Denmark. The participants were asked to collect the dust from their house during a period of a month, via vacuum cleaning. The presence of 198 pesticides was evaluated; 197 compounds were detected in the samples, demonstrating a huge variety of compounds found in house dust. The number of different pesticide residues detected in each sample ranged between 25 and 121 for farmer households and between 36 and 80 for neighbour and consumer households.

Conventional farms using plant protection products exhibited significantly higher numbers of different pesticide residues (80 residues/sample, median) compared to organic farms (65 residues/sample, median) and non-farmer households (57 residues/sample, median), and total concentration was also significantly higher on conventional farms.

 

Types of pesticide residues detected
17% of the tested compounds were present in more than three quarters of all of the farmer-household samples. Multiple pesticides were even detected in >99% of samples: The insecticides fipronil and imidacloprid, the fungicides fludioxonil, hexachlorobenzene, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, tebuconazole, and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide.

The presence of some of the compounds cannot be explained by recent pesticide applications in the area. Interestingly, imidacloprid and hexachlorobenzene were not approved as a plant protection product at time of this study. However, imidacloprid is often used to treat pets against fleas. In this study, 69% of the farmer participants owned pets, which might explain the high presence of imidacloprid. Hexachlorobenzene has a long field half live, and its presence in dust could reflect historical application of the compound.

 

Potential human health effects

Glyphosate, pyrethroids and the synergist piperonyl butoxide were found in the highest concentrations. Exposure to these compounds is a risk for human health; Glyphosate and some pyrethroids are possible carcinogens and hormone disruptors and are known to impact the gut microbiome. Piperonyl butoxide is also a known endocrine disruptor and known neurotoxicant. While concentrations of individual pesticides in house dust are relatively low, total concentrations of up to 283 μg/g where measured, which is high compared to other matrices measured in SPRINT. Not much is known about potential health effects of combined exposure to low concentrations of a large number of compounds. Imagine you can handle drinking 4 beers, or 3 glasses of wine, or 1 glass of whiskey, but what would happen if you drank all of them at the same time, every single day? SPRINT researchers are especially interested in elucidating the effects of these ‘cocktails’ on human health, as combined exposure is not taken into account when approving plant protection products for agricultural application. Clarifying these effects can assist future policies for pesticide application. The ultimate goal, of course, is to ensure food availability while protecting human health.

 

Sources:
Navarro I, De la Torre A, Sanz P, Baldi I, Harkes P, Huerta-Lwanga E, Nørgaard T, Glavan M, Pasković I, Pasković MP, Abrantes N…, Martínez, MA. Occurrence of pesticide residues in indoor dust of farmworker households across Europe and Argentina. Science of the Total Environment. Dec 20;905:167797 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167797


Silva V, Gai L, Harkes P, Tan G, Ritsema CJ, Alcon F, Contreras J, Abrantes N, Campos I, Baldi I, Bureau M, Christ F, Mandrioli D, Sgargi D, Pasković I, Polić Pasković M, Glavan M, Hofman J, Huerta Lwanga E, Norgaard T…, Geissen V  Pesticide residues with hazard classifications relevant to non-target species including humans are omnipresent in the environment and farmer residences. Environment International. Nov 1;181:108280 (2023)  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108280

 

Icon credits:

Vacuum, hormone, cancer ribbon: flaticon.com 

Inhale icon: Pike Picture from Noun Project 

Ingest icon: Andrew Doane from Noun Project 

Gut icon: Imron Sadewo from Noun Project

Read about our first published peer-reviewed papers on the pesticide residue monitoring results in our 6th newsletter.  Also, find out about a recent report on the environmental and economic sustainability of pesticides and a systematic review of the effects of pesticides on health. Make sure you don't miss out as new results emerge from the project, by subscribing to our newsletter on the homepage to recieve project news.

Sprint newsletter 6 release